Application of carbon black in antistatic fiber

Antistatic fibers refer to fibers with resistivity less than 1010Ω·cm in standard state or fibers with electrostatic charge dissipation half-life less than 60s, which can reduce electrostatic potential or make electrostatic potential disappear during textile processing and the use of its products. There are both temporary and permanent antistatic fibers. The reason for static electricity is that the macromolecules are covalently bonded and cannot be ionized or transfer electrons. In addition, the macromolecular group has small polarity, high hydrophobicity, and the charge is not easy to escape, and the resistivity is as high as 1012Ω~1013Ω·cm. , So synthetic fibers are prone to static electricity. Antistatic fiber has the advantages of low volume resistivity, easy elimination of static electricity, good processing and safety performance, and its physical and chemical properties are basically unaffected. The main varieties are antistatic fibers such as viscose, polyester, nylon and acrylic.

Antistatic fibers are mainly used in sectors or industries with high antistatic requirements, such as manufacturing dustproof clothing, sterile, non-static overalls, explosion-proof dust removal supplies, filter felts, dust filter bags, anti-electromagnetic wave radiation materials, carpets, mining conveyor belts , Car interior decoration supplies, etc.

There are many manufacturing methods for antistatic fibers. Among them, the long-term effective and economical method for antistatic is to add carbon black to chemical fibers by melt spinning to prepare antistatic fibers. The manufacturing method is as follows:

(1) Blending method

In the polymerization of silk, the polymer or chips are mixed with carbon black powder and spun to make antistatic fibers. In order to improve the dispersion performance of carbon black, the surface treatment of carbon black is generally carried out with a coupling agent. Commonly used coupling agents include siloxanes, aminosiloxanes, and ethylene glycol.

The antistatic fiber prepared by this method has a relatively durable antistatic effect, because carbon black particles exist in a high density in the fiber cross section. Pushing along the axis of the fiber forms a low-resistance path for transporting or conducting charges inside the fiber. The inner and outer surfaces of the fiber can quickly dissipate the charge, and the antistatic effect is significantly improved.

(2) Add carbon black antistatic masterbatch spinning method

The surface of carbon black is treated with ethylene glycol or other coupling agent, and the treated carbon black powder and polymer carrier, such as polyester chips, are extruded and granulated through a twin-screw extruder to obtain carbon black. Antistatic masterbatch. After mixing the masterbatch and spinning chips uniformly, antistatic fibers can be obtained by melt spinning. Using this method can ensure that the carbon black has better dispersion properties and better electrical conductivity.

(3) Composite spinning method

This is a commonly used method for preparing antistatic fibers at present. For example, a sea-island type or core-sheath type composite fiber is made, wherein the island phase or the core part is a polymer component containing an antistatic agent, and the matrix polymer as the sea phase or the sheath part has a protective effect on the antistatic component, so as to maintain Long-term antistatic properties without affecting the original style and mechanical properties of the fibers.